Call for CBDC Legislation: BIS Chief Urges Countries to Act

The General Manager of the Bank for International Settlements (BIS), Agustin Carstens, recently made a call to nations around the world to establish legislation regarding Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDCs). Carstens believes that with the growing interest and potential implementation of CBDCs, it is crucial to establish a legal framework to govern their use and operation.

CBDCs are digital forms of a nation’s fiat currency, issued and controlled by its central bank. This digital currency aims to provide the benefits of traditional cash, such as security and privacy, while also leveraging the advantages offered by technology. Carstens argues that with the increasing interest in CBDCs among central banks globally, it is vital to establish clear legislation to ensure transparency, accountability, and stability in the financial system.

One of the primary concerns highlighted by Carstens is cybersecurity. As CBDCs involve the digital transfer of money, it is essential to develop legislation that addresses potential vulnerabilities and protects against cyber threats. By creating a legal framework specific to CBDCs, countries can establish security standards, protocols, and safeguards to protect the digital currency system from hacking, fraud, and other cyber-related risks.

Carstens emphasizes the importance of legislative clarity regarding the governance and legal nature of CBDCs. While central banks are already responsible for issuing and maintaining the stability of a nation’s currency, the introduction of a digital form requires additional clarity. Legislation can define the rights and obligations of central banks, users, and intermediaries, facilitating the proper functioning and acceptance of CBDCs in national and international markets.

Another key aspect that Carstens encourages countries to address in legislation is the interoperability of CBDCs. The BIS chief highlights that a fragmented landscape of CBDCs could create barriers to trade and international transactions. Therefore, it is crucial to develop legislation that promotes or mandates interoperability between different CBDC systems, facilitating seamless cross-border transactions and enhancing financial inclusion.

The legislation surrounding CBDCs could also address issues related to privacy and data protection, as these digital currencies have the potential to collect user information during transactions. Establishing legislation that guarantees users’ privacy rights and ensures that data collection and usage conform to strict guidelines can help build trust in CBDC systems amongst citizens.

Carstens also stresses the importance of collaboration and international coordination in the creation of CBDC legislation. Given the global nature of finance and trade, coordinated efforts can lead to harmonized policies and regulations, preventing potential conflicts and ensuring a level playing field for central banks and financial institutions. Collaboration can also facilitate the sharing of best practices and experiences, helping nations navigate the complex legal and technical aspects of CBDC implementation.

The legislation could also address issues related to financial stability. Carstens points out that CBDCs could have implications for monetary policy and financial system stability due to the potential impact on the banking sector and the transmission of monetary policy. Legislators can work alongside central banks to address these concerns, ensuring that CBDCs are designed in a way that supports monetary policy objectives and minimizes potential risks.

Another area where legislation could play a crucial role is in anti-money laundering (AML) and combating the financing of terrorism (CFT) efforts. As digital currencies offer opportunities for illicit activities, comprehensive legislation can help in the identification and prevention of money laundering and terrorist financing. By incorporating robust AML/CFT measures into CBDC legislation, countries can strengthen their defenses and mitigate risks associated with digital currencies.

Carstens concludes by stating that establishing CBDC legislation should be a priority for central banks and policymakers. It will not only provide the required legal framework for implementing and managing CBDC systems but also ensure public trust in these digital currencies. The BIS chief urges countries to collaborate, share knowledge and experiences, and work together to develop transparent and efficient legislation that supports the safe and secure implementation of CBDCs. With the proper legislation in place, CBDCs have the potential to bring about significant advancements in the global financial system while maintaining the necessary safeguards and stability.